Global and Community Health Research
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine
586 Pioneer Drive
Rochester, MI 48309
(248) 370-3634
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine
This section includes Class of 2025 Embark Projects within the Global and Community research fields. These projects include a wide range of topics with the common thread of a goal to have a positive impact within our local, regional, and/or global community.
Barriers and Cultural Implications of End-of-Life Care In Americans of Middle Eastern & North African (MENA) Descent
Maya Al-Saghir, B.S.1, Changiz Mohiyeddini, Ph. D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
The study explores attitudes toward end-of-life care (EOLC), including palliative care and hospice, among Americans of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) descent. The aim is to identify gaps in knowledge and misconceptions about EOLC, given the limited understanding of these services among this demographic.1,2 The study provides insights into how culture, religion on both the individual and community level, and spirituality shape perceptions of EOLC.
METHODS
Using a survey based cross-sectional design, we will explore attitudes towards EOLC among respondents. By employing normative standard deviations for a primary outcome measure that includes EOLC, and considering a significance level of 0.05 with a desired power of 0.95, the required sample size ranges from N = 111 individuals (Cohen's d = 0.3) to N = 79 individuals (Cohen's d = 0.35). Study participants will fill out an online survey that utilizes the following questionnaires: Acculturation Attitudes and Behaviors Questionnaire3, Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire–Religiosity/ Spirituality (BPNQ-R/S)4, and Attitudes Towards End-of-Life Care Questionnaire (self-generated). The analysis of the data will involve correlation, mediation analyses, and ANCOVA.
RESULTS
Most respondents (78%) had a family member or close friend who received EOLC and those with personal experience reported significantly more positive attitudes toward EOLC (p < .05). Higher acculturation levels were associated with lower negative attitudes (r = -.21, p < .05). Positive attitudes strongly correlated with endorsing an interdisciplinary approach (r = .53, p < .001) and the belief that dying patients should be informed about their prognosis (r = .52, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that many of the stereotypes and biases against end-of-life care in the MENA population may come from limited exposure and cultural misconceptions. Integrating culturally competent practices into end-of-life care is essential to better serve the MENA population.
Substance Use and Shame in Minority and Immigrant Communities
Zane Alroshood1, Hassan Barade, M.D.2, Jeffrey Guina2,3
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI
2Beaumont/Corewell Psychiatry Residency, Beaumont Behavioral Health, 18001 Rotunda Dr, Dearborn, MI
Easterseals MORC, Medical Services, 2399 E. Walton Blvd, Auburn Hills, MI
INTRODUCTION
Substance use disorder (SUD) has increased worldwide, especially in the United States, with millions struggling with drug and alcohol problems. Substance use (SU) can lead to significant adverse health outcomes along with stigmatization in healthcare settings. Shame plays a complex role in the development and mitigation of developing SU problems, influenced by cultural contexts such as dignity, face, and honor.
METHODS
Using a cross-sectional survey methodology, we assess demographics, shame, self-esteem, and substance use history. Participants were recruited from a multicultural metropolitan area in Michigan with a relatively large Middle Eastern population. 21.8% of participants were immigrants.
RESULTS
Probable SUD was significantly associated with Caucasians (p=<0.001), non-binary gender status (p=0.0494), U.S. birth (p=0.0487), cannabis problems (p=<0.001), nicotine problems (p=<0.001), poor self-esteem (p=0.0245), and frequent/high level of shame (p=0.0197). High shame was significantly associated with Caucasians (p=0.0401), non-binary gender status (p=0.0358), cannabis problems (p=0.0076), wanting to cut down on SU in the last 12 months (p=0.0017), alcohol problems (p=0.0056), and with pre-SU shame (p=0.0020). Poor self-esteem was significantly associated with wanting to cut down on SU in the last 12 months (p=0.0047), U.S. births (p=0.0164), difficulty controlling opioid use (p=0.0493), pre-SU shame (p=0.0010), and probable SUD (p=0.0245).
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple significant associations related to SU and shame were found. Contrary to our expected findings, Caucasians and U.S.-born individuals are significantly more likely to report frequent or high shame and screen positive for probable SUD compared to non-Caucasians and foreign-born individuals. This sentiment has been coined the “healthy immigrant effect” as a growing number of studies have arrived at similar conclusions related to healthier behavior and lower chronic health conditions. Understanding factors and etiology behind SU may help reduce associated conditions like depression, hospitalizations, and suicide.
Understanding the Surge in Syphilis Among Women of Childbearing Age in Michigan
Alina Avetisyan, B.S.1, Deidre Hurse, Ph. D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, there has been an increased incidence of syphilis among women of childbearing age in Michigan (MI). Untreated syphilis in pregnant women can lead to severe clinical complications and infant mortality. In response to this public health concern, we collaborated with Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS) employed by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) to identify their perceptions of underlying factors that may be contributing to this surge.
METHODS
This research study utilized a survey that was administered to DIS employed by MDHHS, who managed at least one syphilis case. The survey utilized a Likert scale and open-ended questions to assess population characteristics, barriers to care, and risk behaviors of females diagnosed with syphilis.
RESULTS
Seventy-six percent of DIS who managed syphilis cases in MI completed the survey and represented 23 distinct counties in MI, with the most common being Wayne, Oakland, and Detroit City. Of the respondents, 84.6% worked with more than 20 females diagnosed with syphilis, and 76.9% had at least one case of congenital syphilis. The survey results revealed that untreated partners, lack of knowledge about syphilis risks and treatment, and lack of access to timely treatment were perceived by DIS as likely drivers that contributed to the increase in syphilis prevalence among females in MI.
CONCLUSIONS
This research study reflected key insights from DIS regarding the increase in syphilis prevalence among women of childbearing age in MI. The survey findings informed the development of a focus group discussion with DIS from Michigan, to further explore their perceptions of the social determinants and drivers of disease.
Identifying Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination in Hispanic Populations
Saul O. Castillo, B.S.1, Kurt R. Wharton, M.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak , MI
INTRODUCTION
Vaccination hesitancy has always been a major issue within marginalized populations such as the COVID-19 vaccine being met with resistance upon its release. Factors that affect vaccination status include barriers to vaccination, concerns about side effects, and sources of information. This project aimed to further our understanding as to why Hispanic communities were hesitant to get vaccinated for COVID-19 and to see if language of preference can impact a person’s decision to get vaccinated.
METHODS
An online survey was developed and distributed via Qualtrics in English and Spanish which collected information such as vaccine doses, barriers to vaccination, reasons for vaccination, concerns, and information sources. The link to this survey and a QR code were distributed online via social media.
RESULTS
Of the 50 collected surveys, 90% had a primary language of English and 96% were vaccinated. Among those vaccinated, 85% did so for their loved ones and 81% did it for their health. Of the two unvaccinated participants, 1 stated they simply did not want to and the other stated distrust towards the vaccine. Only 1 participant had a barrier to vaccination which was difficulty leaving school or work. 80% of participants reported that they received vaccine information via the Internet and 66% of participants emphasized that their main concern was side effects. It should be noted that this was not a large sample size and very few participants stated that their language of preference was Spanish which may have skewed the results.
CONCLUSIONS
Although a large number of participants were vaccinated, many stated that vaccine side effects were of concern to them and most of the participants received information via the Internet. This highlights the importance of distributing vaccination information to patients which clearly states potential side effects and in a way that is easily understood.
Physician's Post-Polio Syndrome/Post-Polio Symptoms Education
Maria Castro Sanchez MS-41, Tracey Taylor, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Despite polio being nearly eradicated worldwide, its 12–20 million survivors might still suffer from Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) – a progressive condition marked by fatigue, pain, and muscle weakness. Although it drastically impacts survivors’ lives, PPS remains poorly understood by healthcare providers, compromising this community’s healthcare experience. This study aimed to narrow the knowledge gap by determining how physicians educate themselves on PPS and post-polio symptoms, and how the process can be improved.
METHODS
In partnership with the Southeast Michigan Post-Polio Support Group and Polio Health International (PHI), this qualitative study involved question-guided Zoom interviews with physicians who treated PPS patients. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach to identify recurring themes regarding physician knowledge, clinical practices, and educational strategies.
RESULTS
Despite all recruitment efforts, only four physicians were ultimately interviewed. Although the small sample size limited statistical significance, thematic analysis revealed important insights. Physicians commonly reported the importance of multidisciplinary approaches, the psychosocial impact of polio, and the value of patient history when treating PPS patients. All participants highlighted gaps in medical education, as well as the importance of self-education and ongoing research in the area to bridge the gap.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals a critical gap in physician education and PPS management, and its impact on the PPS community. Despite polio being nearly eradicated, the healthcare needs of survivors remain significant. This research captured insights from four experienced providers who shared valuable information to raise awareness and guide educational initiatives. Further recruitment and interviewing are advised so findings can gain statistical significance and be archived by PHI to support ongoing research and training.
Exploring Resilience and Trauma Recovery in Nepali Burn Survivors: A Thematic Analysis
Dinasha Dahanayake Navindi, B.S.1, Shankar Man Rai, M.D.2, Kiran Nakarmi, Ph.D.2, Changiz Mohiyeddini, Ph.D.3
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Kirtipur Hospital, Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Kathmandu, Nepal
3Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Burn injuries are a significant public health concern, often resulting in long-term physical, psychological, and social challenges. Survivors may experience chronic pain, post-traumatic stress, and societal stigma, which impact their rehabilitation and reintegration into daily life. This study aims to explore how Nepali burn survivors experience trauma and resilience, identifying key coping mechanisms and support structures that facilitate recovery.
METHODS
A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews with Nepali burn survivors. Eight participants were selected through purposive sampling from Kirtipur Hospital. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using ATLAS.ti software (version 9.1.1) to identify codes, subthemes, and overarching themes.
RESULTS
Thematic analysis revealed four key aspects of the burn survivor experience: medical and physical challenges, emotional and psychological struggles, social and community support, and resilience and growth. Survivors often endured prolonged hospital stays, severe physical pain, and financial strain, highlighting the burden of medical treatment, hospitalization, and post-incident recovery. Emotionally, many faced fear, depression, self-image concerns, and post-traumatic distress, underscoring the psychological impact of their injuries. However, strong support from family, friends, and peer networks played a crucial role in recovery, reinforcing the importance of social connections. Despite these hardships, many survivors demonstrated resilience by developing coping strategies, embracing personal transformation, and engaging in advocacy to support others facing similar challenges
CONCLUSIONS
The findings highlight the need for holistic rehabilitation approaches that address medical, psychological, and social factors in burn recovery. Enhanced mental health support, financial assistance for treatment, and structured peer-support groups are essential in improving survivor outcomes. These insights can inform policies aimed at developing integrated burn care programs that prioritize both physical and emotional well-being.
Religiosity Influences Legalization of Marijuana among Chaldean Americans
Bianca Elias, B.S.1, Anthony Cholagh, D.O.2, Anthony Mansour, MPH3, Angelina Selou, MPH4, Florence J. Dallo, Ph.D.5
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
3Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clinton Township, MI, 48038
4Centria Healthcare, Farmington Hills, MI
5School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309-4452
INTRODUCTION
Chaldeans are Aramaic-speaking Christians from Northern Iraq who identify with the Eastern Rite Catholic church. Michigan is home to approximately 187,000 Chaldeans, making it the largest community of Chaldeans outside of Iraq. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Chaldean American perspectives towards legalization and moral acceptability of recreational and medicinal marijuana in the state of Michigan.
METHODS
An online survey was created and distributed through various social media groups, churches, and Chaldean organizations which resulted in a total of 637 respondents following the removal of respondents who did not meet criteria. The survey was open from March 20th, 2022 to April 20th, 2022. The independent variable was level of religiosity. The dependent variables were moral acceptability, opinion towards legalization of recreational and medicinal marijuana, and risk of cannabis use disorder. Logistic regression was used to estimate the strength of the association between the independent and dependent variables.
RESULTS
Approximately 64% of the sample was female and 54.6% were between the ages of 21 to 29. Almost 80% of respondents reported high religiosity and 83.4% strongly or somewhat supported the legalization of medicinal marijuana. In addition, 85.8% felt medicinal marijuana was morally acceptable and 58.9% believed recreational marijuana was morally wrong. In the fully adjusted models, individuals who reported high religiosity (compared to low/moderate) were more likely to oppose legalization of recreational marijuana (OR=2.80; 95% CI = 1.46, 5.39) and believed that marijuana was morally wrong (OR=2.36; 95% CI = 1.16, 4.78). This trend was not observed with medicinal marijuana.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings have important implications in better understanding a traditionally conservative ethnic minority group in their attitudes towards marijuana and how religion influences their perspectives.
Estimating Health Literacy in the Chaldean Community
Mark Kamash, B.S.1, Nataly Salman, B.S.1, Haidar Hojeij, Ph.D.1, Victoria Lucia, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Health literacy plays a crucial role in health outcomes, yet research on the Chaldean-American population, a distinct Middle Eastern ethnoreligious group in Metro Detroit, is scarce. Given the unique socioeconomic structure of this community, where financial success is often independent of formal education, health literacy patterns may differ from those of other immigrant groups. This study aims to assess health literacy in Chaldean adults, analyzing its association with household income and sex to inform targeted healthcare interventions.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chaldean adults (≥18 years old) recruited from primary care facilities and community centers in Metro Detroit. Health literacy was measured using a modified BRIEF Health Literacy Screening Tool and the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale. Surveys were available in English and Arabic. Data analysis included Pearson’s Chi-Square Test and Fisher’s Exact Test to compare health literacy levels by household income and sex.
RESULTS
A total of 45 participants completed the survey. Analysis using the modified BRIEF Health Literacy Scale revealed a statistically significant association between household income and health literacy (p = 0.0125), indicating that lower-income individuals had lower health literacy levels. However, there was no significant difference in health literacy by sex (p = 1.0000). The All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale did not show significant associations with either household income (p = 0.4604) or sex (p = 1.0000).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight the impact of socioeconomic disparities on health literacy within the Chaldean community, with lower household income being a significant predictor of inadequate health literacy. The lack of association between health literacy and sex suggests that interventions should focus more on socioeconomic factors rather than gender differences. The inconsistency between the two health literacy assessment tools underscores the need for culturally adapted measurement methods and further research studies.
Attitudes of Asian American Medical Students Towards Mental Health
David Pan1, Yan Li, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of History, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Asian Americans are the fastest growing demographic group in the United States. Therefore, clinicians must be equipped to meet their health needs. This is especially true of mental health, as Asian Americans demonstrate the lowest rate of mental health service usage when compared to other demographic groups. As such, it is necessary to determine factors that limit access in this population. Since attitudes influence behavior, we examine attitudes as a potential contributor and see if demographic factors and acculturation influence attitudes. We also assess different barriers to access.
METHODS
We sent a cross-sectional survey to medical students at the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine. The survey comprised of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form, Vancouver Index of Acculturation, and Barriers to Mental Health Counseling Scale. We analyzed the results using Pearson correlation significance test, t-test, ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis.
RESULTS
15 individuals completed our survey. 9 were female and 6 were male. They identified as Chinese (n=4), Indian (n=4), Vietnamese (n=3), Filipino (n=1), and Taiwanese (n=1). Respondents demonstrated positive help seeking attitudes, especially with openness (M=77.92, SD=17.95) to mental health counseling. There was no significant difference in attitudes between genders or between ethnicities. There were no significant correlations between age, acculturation, and attitudes. Respondents felt that cultural barriers (M=66.40 SD=14.30) were a barrier to mental health care more so than lack of knowledge about mental health services (M=43.11 SD=18.20)
CONCLUSIONS
Asian American medical students demonstrate openness to mental health counseling and are knowledgeable about mental health services. They identify culture as a barrier to access. More research needs to be done to see if these tendencies are true in the broader Asian American population. Future studies should increase sample size to determine if gender, age, and ethnicity are correlated with help seeking attitudes.
A Scoping Review: Prevention of Non-Parental Child Abduction in the United States
Aubriana Perez, MPH1, Deidre Hurse, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Non-family child abductions are rare, with 366 cases (~1%) reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in 2016-2020. Several of these instances involve Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) including sexual and physical abuse, which are known to have detrimental impacts on the long-term health of those affected. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine public health interventions available for the prevention of non-parental child abduction, to identify the individual- and community-level factors which increase the likelihood of abduction, and to assess the psychosocial outcomes of victims.
METHODS
Using Covidence software, articles were queried from databases such as PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. We included peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1990-2024 focusing on non-parental abductions in children (1-18) in the U.S. with outcomes related to public health intervention impacts, risk factors, or demographic vulnerabilities. Non-primary research articles such as book chapters and reviews were excluded. Two reviewers performed screening of eligible records followed by full-text review and manual data extraction of individual studies.
RESULTS
Of 1152 records identified for screening, six studies were included in the final review. Three studies from the field of applied behavioral analysis were included, which demonstrate the potential utility of behavioral skills training in teaching children with autism how to successfully respond to abduction lures from strangers. The remaining studies examine characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and their motivations using criminal investigative analyses. They confirm previous findings which identify sexual assault occurring in majority of cases, despite only a small percentage of perpetrators being registered offenders.
CONCLUSIONS
Non-parental child abduction remains an understudied outcome in the field of public health. Through collaboration with law enforcement and promotion of effective abduction prevention skills in community settings, public health professionals may help to mitigate the negative long-term outcomes likely associated with child abduction.
The Impact of First-Generation Status on Food Insecurity and Educational Experience in Postsecondary Students
Brandon Phan, B.S.1, Maria Beam, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Oakland University, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work and Criminal Justice, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Food insecurity is a growing concern among college students, with research indicating that 35-43% experience some level of food insecurity. First-generation students—often from lower-income backgrounds and facing unique academic and social challenges—may be disproportionately affected. Existing literature links food insecurity to academic performance but lacks a focused examination of first-generation students. This study aims to explore how being a first-generation student impacts food insecurity and correlates with educational outcomes. By identifying these challenges, the study seeks to inform interventions and institutional policies to support at-risk student populations.
METHODS
This mixed-methods study at Oakland University collected data during two semesters, Winter and Fall 2024, via an anonymous online survey on Qualtrics. The survey included 25 questions on participants’ backgrounds, food access, academic outcomes, and support resources. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through multiple-choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions. Analysis included chi-square tests, linear regression, t-tests, and ANOVA.
RESULTS
A total of 302 responses were analyzed, with 37.6% of respondents identifying as first-generation students. Chi-square tests revealed a significant association between first-generation status and food insecurity, with first-generation students showing a higher prevalence of low and very low food security. ANOVA analysis indicated no statistically significant difference in GPA based on food insecurity status for first-generation students. The data also highlighted that first-generation students were more likely to use food assistance programs compared to their non-first-generation peers.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals a strong link between first-generation status and food insecurity, with first-generation students experiencing higher rates of food insecurity. However, food insecurity did not significantly impact their GPA. Despite challenges, first-generation students maintained good academic performance and were more likely to use food assistance programs. These findings highlight their resilience and resourcefulness. Targeted interventions and institutional support are needed to address food insecurity and ensure these students’ academic success.
Associations Between Health Literacy and Comprehension of Health Visits in a Community Setting
Amanda Romaya, B.S.1, Adel Andemeskel1, Salim Abdul-Razak1, Linda Dillon, M.D.2, Victoria Lucia, Ph.D.3
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
3Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Low health literacy is a significant social determinant of health that is further disparaged by demographics such as race, age, and education. Low health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes, access to health insurance, and use of healthcare services. We hypothesized that our assessment of the identified patient population’s health literacy will not meet adequate standards and will indeed demonstrate a need for community-focused interventions.
METHODS
The study was done at a Federally Qualified Health Center. Patients at least 18 years of age were included in the study, and those who did not understand and speak English fluently were excluded. BRIEF Tool 5, a standardized tool consisting of four Likert scale items, was utilized to screen for health literacy status. Short interviews with patients following a visit were conducted in order to assess what a patient understands correctly about their health visit. Chi-square was used to identify statistically significant differences in demographics.
RESULTS
One hundred and eight patients participated in the screening survey from May to December of 2022. Twenty-one patients participated in the interviews that took place from July to December of 2022. Our data indicates that patients who were adequate in health literacy tended to have an education level that is greater than high school (p=0.02). All other variables regarding comprehension of a health visit by education level were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Education level was associated with health literacy and the proportion of health conditions discussed. Physicians at this particular community health clinic did an adequate job of explaining the visit to patients. Limitations for this study may impact the findings and their generalizability. Limitations include small sample size, excluding subjects who do not speak English fluently, and including only a single clinic site in a primarily affluent county.
End-of-Life Volunteerism: An Analysis of No One Dies Alone (NODA) Program Volunteers
Kristin Sarsfield, B.S.1, Kevin Hickey, M.S., M.A., C.T., H.E.C.-C, 2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Rochester, MI
2Department of Spiritual Care at Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
INTRODUCTION
Organized care for terminally ill and dying individuals via Hospice is highlighted by the No One Dies Alone (NODA) Program. Sandra Clarke, CCRN created NODA after being unable to fulfill a dying patient’s wish of end-of-life companionship. The NODA Program prepares volunteers to spend time at bedside with dying patients who are alone for whatever reason. The goal of this project is to learn more about the personal motivating factors of NODA volunteers at Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital (CHWBUH).
METHODS
The study was conducted via Qualtrics survey to current CHWBUH NODA volunteers (n = 37). The survey includes demographic information and two pre-established inventories, Inventory of Motivations for Hospice Palliative Care Volunteerism (IMHPCV) and the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CLFDS).
RESULTS
The current CHWBUH NODA cohort is majority older in age (55+, 68%), identify as women (76%), completed some post-secondary education (86%) and work in healthcare (60%). Participants gave the highest Likert scale scores for motivation to volunteer in the altruism category of the IMHPCV compared to all other categories including civic responsibility (t(174) = 8.83, p < 0.001), self-promotion (t(171) = 21.87, p < 0.001), leisure (t(171) = 14.02, p < 0.001), and personal gain (t(171) = 27.48, p < 0.001). Participant’s own dying category evoked the highest levels of disturbance/anxiety via the CLFDS (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between participant fears and attitudes of their own death/dying versus others death/dying (p = 0.090).
CONCLUSIONS
NODA volunteers were primarily motivated by altruism when pursuing NODA. This aligns with how unique NODA is relative to other community volunteer opportunities. Given that volunteers had the highest levels of disturbance/anxiety for their own dying, this may provide insight into their ability and motivation to maintain volunteerism in the presence of dying individuals.
Effect of the COVID Pandemic on an Outreach Mentoring Program for Hispanic Youth
Nathan Shin, B.A.1, Caroline Desler, M.D.1, Alba Carlos-Banda, Ph.D.2, Claudio Cortes, Ph.D.3
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Catholic Charities of Southeast MI-La Casa Amiga, Pontiac, MI
3Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Royal Oak, MI
INTRODUCTION
The OUWB-La Casa Amiga mentoring program was created to connect medical students with local Hispanic youth. Mentors and mentees participate in educational activities about health-related topics. Due to COVID, in-person mentoring sessions were modified to a virtual setting. It is now known that reduced access to in-person learning increases feelings of social isolation and loneliness in children and adolescents, and is associated with adverse mental health and behavioral effects. The goal of this project is to assess whether COVID pandemic affected the learning of children and their behavioral and emotional states.
METHODS
Paired t-test was used to compare the means of pre- and post-session quiz scores to determine effects of virtual learning on academic performance. The Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS) was used to gauge parents’ and mentors’ satisfaction in the program. The mean difference between pre- and post-surveys were analyzed using a paired student's t-test. Unpaired t-tests were used to determine the differences between the means of pre-COVID and COVID.
RESULTS
Comparing data from quizzes delivered pre-session and post-session during COVID, a significant improvement in student scores was observed, similar to data from pre-COVID. The online program was performed without affecting participation of medical students and children. Of all outreach programs, this program was not interrupted during the pandemic. BERS data demonstrated a significant increase in all categories (interpersonal strength, family involvement, intrapersonal strength, school functioning, and affective strength) for the pre-COVID era, but not during COVID.
CONCLUSIONS
The program was successfully completed and students were able to learn the subjects provided during each session. However, the pandemic had a negative effect on the BERS when compared to pre-COVID times. The virtual learning environment and social isolation may have had a negative impact on the overall behavioral and emotional states of the children.
Clinician’s Perspective on Reproductive Healthcare & Reproductive Health Rights in South East Michigan
Skylar Sundquist, B.A.1, Kurt Wharton, M.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
INTRODUCTION
In 2022, the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of Dobbs in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization. This ruling effectively overturned the 1973 Roe v Wade decision and ended the protected right to access abortion care. This decision compromised individuals’ access to reproductive healthcare. This study investigated how clinicians in Southeast Michigan area have been impacted by the Dobbs v Jackson Supreme Court decision.
METHODS
This study used an electronic survey disseminated via e-mail to clinician’s who provide reproductive healthcare in Southeast Michigan. The survey was brief and did not ask for identifying information. The survey asked both quantitative and qualitative questions. Data collection occurred from late 2024 to early 2025. The quantitative data was exported into SPSS for analysis. The data was summarized using descriptive statistics. The qualitative evaluated using thematic analysis.
RESULTS
27 respondents completed the quantitative portion of the survey. 51.9% reported an increase in the use of proactive birth control and 70.4% reported an increase in long-acting birth control. 22 respondents answered all three open ended questions and one respondent answered one of the open-ended questions. 86.4% reported that more restrictive abortion laws would change the way they care for patients. 95.5% disagreed with the Dobbs v Jackson decision. However, only 52.2% of respondents expect the Dobbs v Jackson decision to impact the way they provide care to their patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The state of Michigan passed Proposition 3 in 2022 which protected abortion access within the state. This has minimized the impact of the Dobbs v Jackson decision in Southeast Michigan. However, the responses from this survey indicate that the majority of clinicians in Southeast Michigan have observed changes to reproductive healthcare following the Dobbs v Jackson decision. Additionally, the majority of respondents oppose the Dobbs v Jackson decision.
Demographic Factors Associated with HIV Testing in Asian American From 2020-2023
Sara Tran, B.A.1, Yan Li, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of History, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Despite the growing visibility of HIV prevention initiatives, there is limited research on HIV testing behaviors within the Asian American population. The cultural, linguistic, and economic barriers faced by this group may influence their engagement with HIV testing services. This study aims to provide a more comprehensive picture of HIV testing behaviors among Asian Americans, highlighting any geographic or demographic disparities.
METHODS
Data for this study were sourced from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which include confidential, name-based case reports from all 50 states (including U.S. territories). Rao-Scott ChiSquare test was used to assess statistical significance.
RESULTS
The analysis reveals both temporal and demographic patterns in HIV testing among Asian Americans. Larger Asian American populations do not seem to correlate to higher percentages of individuals reporting HIV testing. Notably, California, which has the highest Asian American population, ranks in the middle of the list, with testing rates closer to the national average.In comparison to other racial groups, Asian Americans report the lowest percentage of HIV testing (p<.0001). However, temporal trends in HIV testing among Asian Americans from 2020 to 2023 suggest an overall increase in testing between 2021-2022 (p=0.0039) and 2022-2023 (p=0.3323) , with a slight decrease between 2020-2021 (p=0.1024).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite some progress in testing rates, Asian Americans remain less likely to engage with HIV testing services compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Public health strategies should consider cultural and socioeconomic factors that may influence testing behavior and address barriers specific to the Asian American community. Additionally, these findings can guide policymakers in securing adequate federal support for HIV care and prevention services in Asian American communities.
Community-Based Assessment of Pedagogical and Instructional Needs in Adult Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Maximilian Troyke, B.S.1, Kyeorda Kemp, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
An extensive report by the AAMC in 2018 identified multiple significant obstacles that exist for individuals with disabilities in medical education. Review of the existing literature reveals that the majority of investigations into these difficulties have focused predominantly on the perspectives of educators. The primary goal of this study is to directly solicit the perspectives of adult learners with ASD and elucidate the most useful pedagogical strategies and learning environment components for their unique needs, focusing on extracurricular settings. The secondary and more important goal is to provide insight on how to mitigate barriers to entry for learners with ASD into higher education, particularly in STEM fields.
METHODS
A survey with eight qualitative questions was developed for 60-minute in-person or virtual focus group sessions with adult learners with ASD. Mirroring similar prior studies, it was intended to have 5-6 focus groups of 3-5 learners each. Learners were to fill out the Autism Spectrum Quotient, a validated questionnaire, prior to participation. The survey was also converted into a Qualtrics form. After focus groups/surveys had concluded, a qualitative coding analysis was to be performed of participants’ responses. Participants were recruited from local organizations like OUCARES.
RESULTS
Due to recruitment and other logistical difficulties, no focus groups or surveys were carried out to completion.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights challenges to conducting this type of research in the ASD community, but such research remains important and worthwhile. Future projects should focus on such strategies as involving learners with ASD all phases of the research process (i.e, study design), maximizing the accessibility of participation in research for learners with ASD, and optimizing communication with learners with ASD so as to adequately convey their critical role as stakeholders and the direct potential benefits of such research to themselves and their communities.
The Impact of Mentoring on Imposter Phenomenon
Lakshmi Vrittamani, M.S.1, Kyeorda Kemp, Ph.D.2
1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
2Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
INTRODUCTION
Imposter Phenomenon (IP) is associated with heightened anxiety, burnout, and weaker professional identity, disproportionately affecting historically underrepresented medical students. While mentorship has been shown to mitigate IP, its impact on mentors remains understudied. This study explores the relationship between mentorship, IP severity, and perceived belongingness in first-year medical students.
METHODS
Eight first-year medical students were recruited via social media and email to take part in online surveys via Qualtrics. Participants were asked to complete the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (IPS) and General Belongingness Scale (GBS) at the start and end of the academic year. Two-sample t-tests were used to evaluate changes in IPS and GBS scores overall and by mentorship status.
RESULTS
Mentorship involvement varied: 37.5% had none, 37.5% were mentors, and 25% were both mentors and mentees. A significant reduction in IPS scores was observed (p=0.033) across all participants. GBS Rejection/Exclusion Subscale (GBS R/E) scores significantly decreased (p = 0.044), while Acceptance/Inclusion Subscale (GBS A/I) score increases were statistically insignificant (p = 0.138). Although mentorship status did not significantly alter IPS (p=0.9460), GBS A/I (p=0.2183), or GBS R/E (p=0.2685), mentors saw a larger reduction in IPS and GBS R/E scores and more positive change in GBS A/I scores than non-mentors.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that mentorship is associated with reduced IP and improved belongingness, though the small sample size severely limits statistical power. The limited size and diversity of participants further restricts analysis by representation in medicine. Despite the limited power, the results of this study are aligned with similar data collected by a previous student, which showed a significant decrease in IP amongst those involved in mentorship. Future studies to further explore the relationship between mentorship and IP are needed in order to tailor interventions for well-being and retention in medical education.
